The first encounter between Islam as a state and non-Muslim citizens occurred in Madinah shortly after the Prophet's Hijrah. The nascent state had to establish a system that its citizens could follow and by which its authorities should abide. In other words, the state needed a constitution. Here the first Islamic political document was written, and most probably dictated, by the order of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). This document was historically known as the Document of Madinah or the Paper of Madinah, although nowadays it is called it the Constitution of Madinah.

This article discusses the limitation of: (Dar el Kofr - Dar el Islam), abode of Islam and land of Kufr, thesis from an academic, Fiqhi standpoint. I am mainly reviewing an article written (in Arabic) by Abdul-Rahman al Hajj.